What is a Computer Network Tolopogy?
Network topology is defined as the physically and logically linking of computers, computer tops, and other devices. Below are the topologies used in data transfer from network topology.
- Bus
- Star
- Tree (Hierarchical)
- Linear (linear)
- Ring
- Mesh (net)
- Slightly related
- Fully connected (fully integrated)
The above-mentioned network topologies are generally the most commonly used sciences, also called basic topologies.
Basic Hardware Concepts
Basic hardware such as network interfaces (NIC), bridges, hubs, switches, routers, etc. are used to connect each network.
1. Network Interface card(NIC)
It is designed to communicate with computers on a computer network. It provides physical access to the network media and provides a low-level reference system using MAC references
2. Repeaters
The main function of an electronic device, the repeater, is to capture the signal and transmit it, making it more powerful. This makes it possible for the signal to travel without a long range.
3. Network hubs
The network hub device consists of multiple ports. When a packet arrives at a port, the hub device transmits it to all other ports as blocked copies. The destination address does not translate into an advertising focus.
4. Network Bridges
The bridges connect several network links at the data binding layer. In this case, MAC references only learn about the reference and deal with the same reference instead of copying to all ports as in the hub.
Main types of bridges
1. Local Bridges – Connects only to LAN
2. Remote bridges – WAN is created by connecting several LANs. Connected junction speeds are often replaced by routers because the slowing of connections to the end network is slow
3. Wireless Bridges – Used to connect to a remote LAN
5. Network Switches
The main function of this device is to forward and filter data packets according to the MAC reference. Unlike the hub device, which only sends data packets to the communication port, most of the time, the IP address does not indicate the destination.
The switch is capable of operating in the physical, data binding, network, transport layers specified in OSI. Thus, multi-layer switches are known as multi-layer switches.
6. Network Routers
The main function of routers is to forward packets between networks. To do this, you get the information in the convention headers and tables and determine the next best router for the packet to be transmitted. The router works in the network layer in OSI format and in the Internet layer in TCP / IP format.